Expanding the Wilson Cycle Based on Worldwide Comparison of Continental Structures Revealed by Lithospheric Geophysical Investigations     

YANG Wencai 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(2):327-331

Worldwide comparison of lithospheric investigation results achieved from projects of COCORP,BIRPS,DEKORP,LITHOPROBE,ICDP,ECORS and SINOPROBE enables us to expand the classical Wilson cycle,which mainly describes evolution of ocean plates,into a complete and detailed cycle that describes generation,development and evolution of both ocean and continent plates. The expanded Wilson cycle presented in this paper introduces the evolution sequences of continental lithospheric processes by adding into the classical Wilson cycle with ocean-continent transition,continental collision and accretion,as well as continental rifting and splitting in details. These mentioned continental lithospheric processes have been presented by the author in a series of recent review papers in detail,and their summary and further deduction is presented in this paper.  相似文献   

基于贝叶斯方法的深层充电效应风险模型评估          下载免费PDF全文

李程  陈东 《地球物理学报》2019,62(6):1991-2000

高能电子穿透航天器并在其内部沉积电荷从而引发深层充电效应,是导致卫星故障的重要因素之一.为了评估深层充电效应诱发卫星异常的风险,本文基于贝叶斯方法,使用一颗地球同步轨道卫星的异常数据和GOES-8卫星的电子通量探测数据,计算了不同能量阈值及累积时间的电子注量、不同卫星配置下模拟仿真的沉积电荷,并分别与卫星异常建立一系列概率风险模型.本文从模型中随机抽样得到模拟异常,并与实测异常构造混淆矩阵以评估模型拟合优度,结果表明1.0MeV电子3日累积注量-卫星异常概率风险模型为该卫星最优模型.本文利用最优模型对该卫星深层充电效应风险进行了计算,在1.0MeV电子3日累积注量达到2.0×10~(10)cm~(-2)·sr~(-1)时,该卫星发生深层充电异常的平均后验概率为27%,且95%最小可信值为22%.根据最优模型,我们对该卫星最可能导致异常的部件的材料和结构等特征做出了推断.  相似文献   

辽宁省地震重点监视防御区典型村镇房屋抗震现状调查与分析          下载免费PDF全文

梁永朵  姜金征  张文静  惠杨 《世界地震工程》2018,34(3):103-110

为了解辽宁省地震重点监视防御区典型村镇房屋抗震能力现状，通过现场调查的方式对辽阳、锦州和盘锦等地的村镇民居进行了随机抽样调查，并从场地选择、地基基础、建筑材料、构件的连接及抗震构造措施等方面对其抗震性能进行了分析。总体上看:房屋抗震能力不足的比例占85%左右，主要体现在抗震构造措施缺失及构件连接问题上。在此基础上对提高村镇房屋抗震性能提出了一些对策和建议，为辽宁省农村防震减灾工作提供参考。  相似文献   

基于Stacking集成学习的恒星/星系分类研究          下载免费PDF全文

李超  张文辉  李然  王俊义  林基明 《天文学报》2020,61(2):21-111

机器学习在当今诸多领域已经取得了巨大的成功,但是机器学习的预测效果往往依赖于具体问题.集成学习通过综合多个基分类器来预测结果,因此,其适应各种场景的能力较强,分类准确率较高.基于斯隆数字巡天(Sloan Digital Sky Survey,SDSS)计划恒星/星系中最暗源星等集分类正确率低的问题,提出一种基于Stacking集成学习的恒星/星系分类算法.从SDSS-DR7(SDSS Data Release 7)中获取完整的测光数据集,并根据星等值划分为亮源星等集、暗源星等集和最暗源星等集.仅针对分类较为复杂且困难的最暗源星等集展开分类研究.首先,对最暗源星等集使用10折嵌套交叉验证,然后使用支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)、随机森林(Random Forest,RF)、XGBoost(eXtreme Gradient Boosting)等算法建立基分类器模型;使用梯度提升树(Gradient Boosting Decision Tree,GBDT)作为元分类器模型.最后,使用基于星系的分类正确率等指标,与功能树(Function Tree,FT)、SVM、RF、GBDT、XGBoost、堆叠降噪自编码(Stacked Denoising AutoEncoders,SDAE)、深度置信网络(Deep Belief Network,DBN)、深度感知决策树(Deep Perception Decision Tree,DPDT)等模型进行分类结果对比分析.实验结果表明,Stacking集成学习模型在最暗源星等集分类中要比FT算法的星系分类正确率提高了将近10%.同其他传统的机器学习算法、较强的提升算法、深度学习算法相比,Stacking集成学习模型也有较大的提升.  相似文献   

关键金属元素分析测试技术方法应用进展   总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2  

李超  王登红  屈文俊  孟会明  周利敏  樊兴涛  李欣尉  赵鸿  温宏利  孙鹏程 《岩矿测试》2020,39(5):658-669

以稀有、稀散、稀土、铂族元素为主体的战略性关键金属矿产资源,在新材料、新能源和信息技术等新兴产业中发挥着越来越关键的作用。随着我国关键矿产资源地质调查的不断深入,关键金属元素以其赋存基体复杂、不同矿物含量差异大、化学性质不稳定等特点对分析测试技术提出了新的挑战。本文根据化学组成不同,对关键金属元素主要赋存基体进行了分类,主要分为硅酸盐、碳酸盐、硫酸盐、钨酸盐、磷酸盐、氧化物、硫化物、卤化物等。对于不同的基体岩石矿物,通常采用酸溶法(硝酸-氢氟酸组合、王水)或碱熔法等传统溶样方法进行化学消解。评述了当前关键金属元素测试常用的电子探针、电感耦合等离子体质谱、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱、X射线荧光光谱等仪器的特点及应用,总结了关键金属元素分析过程中出现的样品难溶解、回收率不完全、测试过程氧化物和同质异位素干扰、样品和标准基体不一致等常见问题,并提出了相应的解决方案。微区原位分析凭借其高效率、低成本、高空间分辨率的优势,以及野外现场分析凭借其简单快速、贴近野外工作的特点是关键金属元素测试技术发展的主要趋势。  相似文献   

超高沥青混凝土心墙高应力水平的降低措施研究     

高俊  党发宁  马宗源 《岩土力学》2020,41(5):1730-1739

随着沥青混凝土心墙堆石坝的快速发展，超高沥青混凝土心墙堆石坝建设迎来了前所未有的机遇，但随着坝高的增加，心墙的安全挑战也变得异常突出。基于应力水平的定义，提出降低超高沥青混凝土心墙高应力水平的措施，依托心墙应力水平的敏感性研究，推算了独立满足和综合满足心墙屈服剪切破坏控制标准的心墙材料强度参数（最敏感材料参数）取值范围。研究表明，心墙应力水平随坝高和河谷岸坡坡比的增加而显著增大；心墙破坏比 、黏聚力 和内摩擦角 属于高敏感性参数；增大心墙破坏比 、黏聚力 和内摩擦角 能够显著地降低心墙应力水平；推荐适宜建设超高沥青混凝土心墙堆石坝的心墙破坏比 、黏聚力 和内摩擦角 取值范围： 0.8、 0.4 MPa和 31.5°（坝高 200 m），且随坝高的增长梯度按5%/25 m、15%/25 m和5%/25 m进行调整。  相似文献   

Method‐dependent influence of environmental variables on reef fish assemblages when comparing trap and video surveys     

Nathan R. Geraldi  Nathan M. Bacheler  G. Todd Kellison 《Marine Ecology》2019,40(1)

Despite substantial survey effort and a large body of literature on abiotic and biotic factors in temperate reef ecosystems, knowledge of the complex and interactive effects of environmental variables on those communities is limited. Various survey methods have been developed to study environmental predictors of biodiversity, but there remains a gap in our understanding of how survey results are influenced by environmental factors. Here, we surveyed the fish assemblage associated with southeastern U.S. temperate marine reefs with simultaneous, paired trap, and camera gears throughout a ~50,000 km² area during 2011–2013 and assessed the influence of environmental variables on the trap‐ and video‐surveyed assemblages. Predictor variables in the multivariate general linear models included depth, temperature, month, year, location, substrate relief, percent sessile biota, biota type, and turbidity. Depth and latitude had the greatest influence on the fish assemblage for both gears. The influence of habitat variables differed between methods and percent biota explained more variation in the fish assemblage when assessed by traps, while substrate relief and biota type explained more variation in the fish assemblage when assessed by video. In general, habitat complexity was positively related to the abundance of fishes in the video survey, but there was a negative relationship in the trap survey. Differences between gears were species‐specific and the influences of environmental variables were similar for some species such as Haemulon plumierii and Hyporthodus niveatus. The methods presented here can be used to assess method‐dependent differences in fish assemblages, which is a necessary precursor to assess the effect of environmental variables on the accuracy of surveys.  相似文献   

The Basic Shape Classification of Space Debris with Light Curves     

LU Yao  ZHAO Chang-yin 《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》2021,45(2):190-208

We study the machine learning method for classifying the basic shape of space debris in both simulated and observed data experiments, where light curves are used as the input features. In the dataset for training and testing, simulated light curves are derived from four types of debris within different shapes and materials. Observed light curves are extracted from Mini-Mega TORTORA (MMT) database which is a publicly accessible source of space object photometric records. The experiments employ the deep convolutional neural network, make comparisons with other machine learning algorithms, and the results show CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) is better. In simulational experiments, both types of cylinder can be distinguished perfectly, and two other types of satellite have around 90% probability to be classified. Rockets and defunct satellites can achieve 99% success rate in binary classification, but in further sub-classes classifications, the rate becomes relatively lower.  相似文献   

Finding and sharing GIS methods based on the questions they answer   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S. Scheider  A. Ballatore  R. Lemmens 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2019,12(5):594-613

Geographic information has become central for data scientists of many disciplines to put their analyzes into a spatio-temporal perspective. However, just as the volume and variety of data sources on the Web grow, it becomes increasingly harder for analysts to be familiar with all the available geospatial tools, including toolboxes in Geographic Information Systems (GIS), R packages, and Python modules. Even though the semantics of the questions answered by these tools can be broadly shared, tools and data sources are still divided by syntax and platform-specific technicalities. It would, therefore, be hugely beneficial for information science if analysts could simply ask questions in generic and familiar terms to obtain the tools and data necessary to answer them. In this article, we systematically investigate the analytic questions that lie behind a range of common GIS tools, and we propose a semantic framework to match analytic questions and tools that are capable of answering them. To support the matching process, we define a tractable subset of SPARQL, the query language of the Semantic Web, and we propose and test an algorithm for computing query containment. We illustrate the identification of tools to answer user questions on a set of common user requests.  相似文献   

A multiphase approach for evaluating the horizontal and rocking impedances of pile group foundations          下载免费PDF全文

V.T. Nguyen  G. Hassen  P. de Buhan 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2016,40(10):1454-1471

This paper advocates the use of a multiphase model, already developed for static or quasi‐static geotechnical engineering problems, for simulating the behaviour of piled raft foundations subject to horizontal as well as rocking dynamic solicitations. It is shown that such a model, implemented in a FEM code, yields appropriate predictions for the foundation impedance characteristics, provided that shear and bending effects in the piles are taken into account, thus corroborating the findings of the asymptotic homogenization theory. Besides, it is notably pointed out that such a multiphase‐based computational tool makes it possible to assess the dynamic behaviour of pile groups in a much quicker way than when using direct numerical simulations, which may face oversized problems when large pile groups are concerned. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献